Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Public Health Matters Blog, May 14, 2018. Nurses and the 1918 Spanish Flu

“In the fall of 1918, the United States experienced a severe shortage of professional nurses during the flu pandemic… This shortage was made worse by the failure to use trained African American nurses. The Chicago Chapter of the American Red Cross issued an urgent call for volunteers to help nurse the ill.”
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Public Health Matters Blog, May 14, 2018.
Red Cross in Chicago from The Chicago Tribune Archive. Red Cross in Chicago from The Chicago Tribune Archive.

“The flu epidemic of 1918 killed 548, 452 Americans. The death toll across the world was 21 million. In 1918, all sorts of measures were taken to try and prevent the spread of the virus, from laws outlawing sneezing to wearing of face masks in public.”
The Chicago Tribune, April 17, 2020.
Early 20th century logging. Early 20th century logging.

“A typical logging camp included a bunkhouse, cook shanty and other buildings necessary for the work of the men, horses and oxen. This photograph shows loggers posed in front of a Clare County logging camp that has buildings constructed of logs.”
“White Pine Logging, Part II,” Randall Schaetzl
Loggers Bunkhouse Loggers Bunkhouse.

Though the photo is of an Oregon or Washington logging camp, it gives an accurate depiction of the logger’s crude and dirty living conditions.

–MOHAI. Photo courtesy MOHAI, PEMCO Webster and Stevens Collection, image number 1983.10.6899.